A Systematic Review of Bio-Cyber Interface Technologies and Security Issues for Internet of Bio-Nano Things

Advances in synthetic biology and nanotechnology have contributed to the design of tools that can be used control, reuse, modify, re-engineer cells' structure, as well enabling engineers effectively use biological cells programmable substrates realize Bio-NanoThings (biological embedded computing devices). are generally tiny, non-intrusive, concealable devices for in-vivo applications such intra-body sensing actuation networks, where artificial detrimental. Such (nano-scale) various healthcare settings continuous health monitoring, targeted drug delivery, nano-surgeries. These services also grouped form a collaborative network (i.e., nanonetwork), whose performance potentially improved when connected higher bandwidth external networks Internet, say via 5G. However, IoBNT paradigm, it is important seamlessly connect environment with technological landscape by having dynamic interface convert biochemical signals from human body into an equivalent electromagnetic signal (and vice versa). This, unfortunately, risks exposure internal mechanisms cyber-based medical actuation, potential security privacy implications. This paper comprehensively reviews bio-cyber architecture, focusing on interfacing options like biologically inspired bio-electronic devices, RFID enabled implantable chips, electronic tattoos. study identifies known vulnerabilities mitigation strategies consideration future designs implementations.